Nowadays, the importance of protecting the environment is obvious, so any action and implementation of any program requires sufficient knowledge of the environment. One way of preserving natural resources and achieving sustainable development, especially sustainable agriculture, is to assess the environmental impacts of the production process of agricultural products through the life cycle assessment. In this study, this method was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of classes of effects based on the ISO standard. The results showed in the production of SUGARcane, the classes of effects release to the environment were as following: eutrophication 4. 6 kgPO4---equivalent, acidification 21. 94 kgSO2, and global warming 1701. 76 kg equivalent to carbon dioxide, abiotic depletion 0. 000087 kg Sb eq, and ozone layer depletion 28 mgCFC. Accordingly, electricity and burning have the highest share per tons of SUGAR.

SUGAR INDUSTRY is an energy intensive INDUSTRY. In this sub sector of economy energy is used as input. Allocation of a high quota of total energy consumption to SUGAR INDUSTRY in one hand and distinction between determinants of energy demand on the other hand in this sector and other economy sector appears the importance of analyzing of energy demand in SUGAR INDUSTRY.So for analyzing of energy demand in SUGAR INDUSTRY, in the first part of this paper explanatory variables which determine energy consumption in Bisetoon SUGAR factory are described briefly in second part a discussion take place on the stationary of variables. Then econometric models are specified and the elasticity of energy demand in Bisetoon SUGAR factory in respect to explanatory variables are estimated by using daily time series in 10/9/2004- 20/12/2004.The finding of this paper reveals that the elasticity of energy demand in Bisetoon SUGAR factory in respect to all of the explanatory variable is low. The elasticity of energy demand in this factory in respect to raw juice Brix, Pulp Pressed, electricity, SUGAR beet and SUGAR production are .12, -.098, -.308, .052 and .056 respectively. Non availability of substitute energy carrier, impossibility of substitution of energy with other production factors, impossibility of improvement in production technology because of shortage of study term, low quota of energy costs in respect to total production cost in factory, low quota of free demand for energy and high quota of captured demand for energy; are the major reasons for low energy demand elasticity in Bisetoon SUGAR factory.

Food should contain enough amino acids to grow and maintain human health. For all practical purposes, the nutritional value of protein food is defined by its basic amino acid composition. In the SUGAR INDUSTRY in particular, production and the importance of the final product, the presence of amino acids in each stage of SUGAR production, that briefly includes diffusion, purification, evaporation, crystallization, results in inappropriate color production and also one must remember that asparagine, is one of the amino acids that produces acrylamide. The aim of this research work is to investigate the profile of amino acids in the SUGAR INDUSTRY, including thick juice and molasses. Amino acid profiles in these products were performed by analyzing 20 amino acids, most notably asparagine. In this study, samples of thick juice and molasses were studied during seven day intervals to measure the amino acid profiles. Different physico-chemical tests were performed to measure the quality of each sample. Finally, by employing HPLC, the amount of each amino acid was determined in all samples. The results indicated that samples of thick juice followed by molasses contained high amounts of asparagine.

In the present study, electrochemical (EC) treatment of SUGAR INDUSTRY wastewater (SIWW) was investigated using aluminum electrode. Effect of various parameters such as pH, current density (CD), electrode gap and electrolysis time was evaluated for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color reduction. Energy requirement and electrode loss were found to increase with an increase in pH. Kinetics studies showed that the COD reduction rate was second order with respect to organic materials (COD) and 0.591 order with respect to CD. Filtration of treated slurry was found to be best near the neutral pH, while settling was best at pH 10. Operating cost of the treatment has been calculated. Results demonstrate that EC can be applied to reduce pollution load of SIWW.

At the present time 33 SUGAR beet and 7 SUGAR cane industrial units are active in the country. In 2004, the national SUGAR production was about 1192 thousand tons, that 55 percent of it was produced from the SUGAR beet and the rest from the SUGAR cane. In this investigation the status of SUGAR beet root and SUGAR production during last 4 years is discussed. The theoretical capacity of 33 SUGAR industrial units is 67650 tons SUGAR beet root per day. With attention to 100 working days, the total consumption capacity of SUGAR beet root is about 6.75 million tons per year. Unfortunately, because of many reasons SUGAR beet production and consumption capacity have not reached to the optimum levels. The average SUGAR beet root production in last 10 years is 49830000 tons. Based on the published statistics by the association of SUGAR industrial units the ratio of purchased SUGAR beet root to the official capacity of the SUGAR industrial units is about 81 percent and the ratio of consumed SUGAR beet root to the official capacity of the SUGAR industrial units is about 67 percent. These facts show that although some problems exist in INDUSTRY and agricultural sections however no clear solutions have been proposed. During agricultural year 2004 about 4913000 tons SUGAR beet root with 17.32 percent SUGAR content have been produced in 156000 hectares by 95000 farmers. Where, the total produced SUGAR was 659000 tons. In table 1 the average production of root and SUGAR during 4 years was demonstrated. Results of some investigations show that the yield of 30 tons per hectare is the border line to profit or loss. It is clear that cultivation of varieties with root production capacity less than 30 ton per hectare should not be recommended. Maybe over estimating of the land under SUGAR beet cultivation leads to wrong conclusion. So, real estimation of the land under SUGAR beet cultivation needs scientific method. In spite of existing suitable ecological and environmental condition for SUGAR beet cultivation in most regions because of using inaccurate method of soil management, ignorance of agronomical requirement aspects and lack of extinction to transfer the results of research to the farmers, the potential production has not been achieved yet. Evaluation of the data of the Iranian SUGAR industrial units shows considerable difference between their performances. The reasons could be insufficient payments at appropriate time to buy SUGAR beet root or other requirement of industrial sectors and old technology and production line. So, under this condition most of SUGAR industrial units could not achieve their theoretical capacity. In addition, about 4 percent of SUGAR beet root deteriorate in SUGAR industrial unit. Transporting SUGAR beet root from one area to the other area is another problem that SUGAR industries are put up with.

Purpose: The future of the construction INDUSTRY is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction INDUSTRY. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction INDUSTRY.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction INDUSTRY. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction INDUSTRY have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

Background: The disposal the wastewater SUGAR extraction to the rivers and environment cause contamination and is considered as a threat to the marine life and the environment. Thus, treatment of the wastewater is necessary. Investigating the reduction of the pollution load of cane INDUSTRY with anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) in the laboratory scale is the purpose of this study.Methods: In this study, the performance of ASBBR was investigated to treat the SUGAR cane INDUSTRY’s wastewater for eight months. The total and effective volume of the reactor was 7 liters. The studied reactor was activated in 35oC with organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.25 g COD/l.d and surface loading rate (SLR) of 0.33 mg COD/m2.d of with feeding industrial molasses as the main substrate that had 1075 mg/l COD and 450 mg/l BOD5. An operation cycle of the reactor was lodged for 24 hours, including, the feed time: 23 minutes, the reaction time 22 hours and 14 minutes, the settle time: 1 hour, and the decant time: 23 minutes.Findings: The optimum OLR and SLR were 8 gCOD/L.d and 10.67 mgCOD/m2.d, respectively. In these loadings, the COD was decreased from 32270±351 mg/l to 6146±2222 mg/l with 81±7% the removal efficiency. The best removal efficiency of system in this loading was 91.5%. The amount of biogas production was 3.74 liter per liter of reactor volume.Conclusion: The ASBBR is able to reduce the high amount of COD up to 32000 mg/l. In general, this reactor could be a suitable alternative in treatment of SUGAR cane industries wastewater.